安装方式 Methods of mounting

在建筑空间中，有两种典型的不同的灯具安装方式，以实现不同的灯具安装的审美功能和特定的照明可能性。一方面，试图将灯具尽可能地整合到建筑中，另一方面讲灯具自身作为一独立元素添加到建筑中。这两个概念不应该被理解为完全分裂的两个想法。它们是设计和技术可行性的两个极端，都可以产生综合应用的概念和解决方案。选择固定还是可移动的照明装置，这个决定与选择整体或附加解决方案的决定有重叠的部分；这取决于装置必须满足的照明要求，而不是设计标准。

There are two basic contrasting concepts for the arrangement of luminaires in an architectural space, which can allocate different aesthetic functions to the lighting installation and provide a range of lighting possibilities. On the one hand, there is the attempt to integrate the luminaires into the architecture as far as possible, and on the other hand, the idea of adding the luminaires to the existing architecture as an element in their own right. These two concepts should not be regarded as two completely separate ideas, however. They are the two extremes at either end of a scale of design and technical possibilities, which also allows mixed concepts and solutions. The decision to opt for a stationary or variable lighting installation overlaps the decision to go for an integral or additive solution; it is determined by the lighting requirements the installation has to meet rather than by design criteria.

在一体化照明的案例中，灯具隐蔽在建筑中。灯具只能在它所在的结构造型中被看见。布灯的关注点在灯具产生的灯光效果。因此，一体化照明可以很容易地应用于各种环境中，使灯具完全与空间设计协调成为可能。一体化照明一般呈现为静态的照明。照明只有在使用控制系统和可调节的灯具时才能被改变。这里典型的灯具是墙面或天花嵌入的灯具。

In the case of integral lighting, the luminaires are concealed within the architecture. The luminaires are only visible through the pattern of their apertures. Planning focuses on the lighting effects produced by the luminaires. Integral lighting can therefore be easily applied in a variety of environments and makes it possible to co-ordinate luminaires entirely with the design of the space. Integral lighting generally presents a comparatively static solution. The lighting can only be changed by using a lighting control system or by applying adjustable luminaires. Typical luminaires here are recessed wall or ceiling luminaires.

在附加照明的案例中，灯具本身就是一个元素。除了安排由灯具产生的灯光的效果，照明设计师也需要与建筑设计师一起指定灯具的设计和灯光的布置。范围从协调灯具与可用的结构系统，到选择对整体视觉外观有积极影响的灯具。由灵活性获得的优势被以下任务平衡掉了，包括协调从环境中照明安装的视觉呈现，和 不同的灯具形式混合产生的视觉不舒适，或灯结构混乱的布置。这里典型的灯具是射灯和灯光结构以及吊装灯具。

In the case of additive lighting, the luminaires appear as elements in their own right. Besides planning the lighting effects which are to be produced by these luminaires, the lighting designer also has to specify the luminaire design and plan a lighting layout in tune with the architectural design. The range extends from harmonising luminaires with available structural systems to selecting luminaires that will have an active influence on the overall visual appearance. What is gained in flexibility is offset by the task of harmonising the visual appearance of the lighting installation with its surroundings and of avoiding the visual unrest through the mixing of different luminaire types or by a confusing arrangement of light structures. Typical luminaires here are spotlights and light structures, as well as pendant luminaires.

灯位固定时可以获得不同的照明分布，通过可调节的灯具如可调方向的灯。灯具排布应该再设计阶段仔细查验，因为之后嵌入式灯具的改动是非常占费用的。

With stationary, mounted luminaires, different light distributions are available, e.g. adjustable luminaires such as directional luminaires. The luminaire layout should be thoroughly checked in the design phase because any subsequent alterations to recessed luminaires are very costly.

给照明提供灵活性的方法有几种。临时展和显示照明需要最大的灵活性，通过在轨道或支撑结构上安装可移动的射灯来提供这样的灵活性。这允许灯可以从新定向重新排布甚至更换不同的灯。

There are different ways of making a lighting installation flexible. The highest degree of flexibility, as required for lighting temporary exhibitions and for display lighting, is provided by movable spotlights mounted on track systems or support structures. These allow the luminaires to be realigned, or even rearranged or replaced.